ABSTRACT
A comparison was made between patients with a late diagnosis chronic renal failure (1 month or less before starting dialysis, N = 9 and those with an early diagnosis (6 months or more, N = 45) in terms to of the following aspects: referral characteristics during the pre-dialysis phase, demographic details and patient biochemistry prior to maintenance dialysis. Information was obtained by surveying consecutive patients with primary renal disease admitted to a university dialysis unit in Sao Paulo. Fifty-three percent of all patients surveyed had a late diagnosis. These patients had a lower median duration of symptoms (2 vs 6 months, P<0.01) and were less likely to be referred for dialysis by a nephrologist (9 per cent vs 51 per cent, P<0.001) than early diagnosis patients. In the early diagnosis group, 7 patients (16 per cent) had follow-up care for less than 6 months and 11 (24 per cent) did not receive any follow-up; 21 patients (47 per cent) did not follow a low-protein diet. At the start of dialysis, patients with a late diagnosis had higher blood pressure and a higher rate of pulmonary infections (19 per cent vs 4 per cent, P= 0.03). Mean concentrations of BUN, serum creatinine and potassium were significantly higher and mean blood bematocrit was lower for the late diagnosis group. After 3 months of dialysis, the mortality rate was higher in the late than in the early diagnosis group (22.9 per cent vs 6.7 per cent, = 0.02). Late diagnosis of chronic renal failure and lack of adequate follow-up care, prior to the start of dialysis, are common. Interventions to promote early diagnosis of chronic renal failure and to improve compliance with regular nephrological follow-up can be important to reduce the morbidity and the mortality of patients with chronic renal insufficiency.